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Mechanical Advantage 2 uses Updated August 10, 2026

Hydraulic Cylinder Force Calculator

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Bore of a Cylinder
Pound per Square
Diameter of a Rod
Angle
degrees

This hydraulic cylinder force calculator finds the push and pull force from the fluid pressure, bore diameter, and rod diameter. Enter the values above.

Formulas

Push force = P × (π ÷ 4) × D²
Pull force = P × (π ÷ 4) × (D² − d²)
  • P — pressure, D — bore diameter, d — rod diameter

Example

P = 10 MPa, D = 50 mm, rod d = 30 mm: push = 19,635 N, pull = 12,566 N.

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Frequently Asked Questions

How do I calculate hydraulic cylinder force?

Multiply the pressure by the piston area. Push uses the full bore area; pull uses the bore area minus the rod area.

Why is pull force lower than push?

The rod takes up part of the piston area on the pull side, leaving less area for the pressure to act on.

What pressure do hydraulic systems use?

Commonly 10 to 25 MPa (about 1,500 to 3,600 psi), depending on the equipment.

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